Organized Crime
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It is a criminal activity that is
purposely undertaken for the purpose of acquiring profit, power and influence.
It involves a couple of people who organize themselves on various hierarchical
basis and they engage in both illegal and legal activities. The various
positions may be assigned according to kinship or friendship especially
hierarchical or skill. There is extreme willingness to use bribery or violence
to achieve intended goals and also to maintain discipline (Woodiwiss, 2001).
Membership is restricted though on
a contingency basis some members may be allowed. It involves: Punishable offenses by a an imprisonment term that
bears a minimum of seven years, the act or process must involve either two or
more persons, substantial and reliable planning, overall organization and
continuing activity. It bears no political goals, limited membership, it’s
perpetual in nature, governed by a series of rules and regulation and it is
very monopolistic in nature.
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Relationships and problems established by
organized crime
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Corruption and organized crime are
different but they supplement one another in a symbiotic relationship. For
instance South Africa is suffering this problem due to the many years of
political and economic isolation during the years of apartheid rule. During
this period various corrupt officials used their means to acquire resources of
the country inappropriately hence deteriorating the country’s economic growth.
Corruption is a major area that affects most of the third world countries and
appropriate measures should be formulated to ensure that it is addressed
(Woodiwiss, 2001). These countries later waste a lot of time and resources
trying to recover the lost funds through corruption.
Criminal alliances also are formed
by a certain group of people who share a common purpose plan of an involvement
in illegal activity. This is mostly experienced where there exists two or more groups
who share a certain resource disagree on a certain issue hence forming the
alliance.
Market that is criminogenic in
structure is also another relationship that is established by organized crime
since goods that are acquired through it leads to unsaturated demand. These
goods offered in the market are illegal and may include drugs, vehicles, arms
and products from various endangered species (Woodiwiss, 2001). Presence of
aliens or undocumented migrants in various countries may not only lead to
competition for the available scarce resources but also their major role in
criminal activities.
These
are some of the effects of organized crime.
False documentation and bribery has emerged as
a way out for organized crime. This is a way of acquiring false resident
permanent and temporary certificates that has been adopted by aliens. The
greatest challenge is that some of these powerful people who are given the
responsibility of tracking down illegal in a country are also illegal. In such
a case it will be very difficult to cope with the challenge since the official
will not support the movement as intended.
Organized crime in general has
brought many problems in many countries. Growth of our countries have deteriorated since
corruption has taken the better part running the country and this has resulted
to the economy wealth being held by a few people as opposed to being
distributed to the people (Woodiwiss, 2001). Presence of illegal goods has led
to deteriorated business performance since the goods are offered at a throw
away price making the genuine goods go without market. This has contributed to
lack of employment as many energetic people cannot find an opportunity to
utilize their energy and earn their daily needs. This has effectively
contributed to rapid growth of crime in our countries since most of the
energetic people cannot afford the basic needs.
Limitations
associated with combating organized crime and federal laws that guide in
combating organized crime
Mafia-membership
law
The law was a proposal by Senator
John McCleallan during the 89th and 90th Senate Bill
Congress. The section 2 (a) of the law states that whoever remains or becomes a
member after enactment of this law or any of the various organizations having
one of its role will have violated the United States criminal laws with
knowledge of the obligation of the organization will be guilty and imprisoned
for not less than five years but not more than twenty years or equally fined
less than twenty thousand US dollars.
Illegal gambling
businesses
This is a law that was enacted in
United States under title 18 and has played a great role. A racketeering
activity is used to mean any threat or actual act involving murder, gambling,
kidnapping, narcotic, robbery or other dangerous drugs that is punishable by an
imprisonment of not less than one year (Woodiwiss, 2001). This is also another
federal law that aims at combating organized crime in the society and is a
reliable that is worth adopting.
Federal Bureau
of Investigation laws
These include the laws that have
been formulated by the FBI to guide and enable them investigate federal crimes
and threats towards achieving national security. They also play a great role in
assisting the law enforcement agencies to formulate laws. Under Unit 28,
Section 533 of the US code we realize that authority to investigate federal
crime lies with FBI only. The organization bears the responsibility and
authority of ensuring that national security prevails. Through formulation of
this organization, US have set an example that other countries should emulate
to combat organized crime.
Effectiveness of
organized crime prosecution
Organized crime is a presentation of the major
leading contemporary challenges facing both federal and state-enforcement
bodies and officials. There are various factors that make effective prosecution
a hard nut to crack and include technical skills and efficient organization of
criminal syndicates. Also the use business transactions that are complex in
nature during normal operations leads to illegal ventures, unavailability of
people who are witnesses and ready to testify also contribute towards combating
organized crime a hard target.
Formulation of Anti-corruption
legislation has greatly contributed to combating organized crime as it forms a
symbiosis relationship with corruption. This legislation specializes in
formulating punishment to various actions.
Staff selection method will also
greatly contribute towards effectively combating it since a detailed
investigation about various officials to occupy posts will be carried out
(Woodiwiss, 2001). Criminal records should be properly scrutinized to ensure
that deserving people get the appointment. People vying for specific posts
should be ensured that they possess the necessary qualifications.
Implementation of criminal hotline should be
implemented as this is an effective way of combating crime since detailed
information about organized crime can be submitted anonymously whenever
necessary. Various companies should implement an internal department of
organized crime with special investigative skills, they should also be equipped
with the most recent technology; moreover, they should have the authority to
access all the databases of the company and should be linked directly to the
administration to facilitate faster and direct reporting. This will dearly
present an effective way of combating crime within all major companies. This
rule can be easily enforced in all government owned companies.
Laws should be implemented to
ensure severe punishment to all those people who involve themselves in
organized crime (Woodiwiss, 2001). The government should play an effective role
of ensuring that the laws are adhered to and that the victims are appropriately
punished without mercy. Through this the crime will eventually come to an end.
>References
Padhy. P, (2006). Organized crime, Gyan Books
Paoli. L, Fijnaut. C, (2004). Organized crime in Europe: concepts, patterns, and control policies in the European Union and beyond,
Springer
Woodiwiss. M, (2001). Organized crime and American power: a history, University of Toronto press
Wright. A (2006). Organized crime, Willan Pub
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